Much more has been written on the social and political significance of religion in public life than on their personal and individualist dimension. And relatively little has been written on how individuals adjust, change and jettison earlier religious identities and perceptions, and replace them with new ones or none at all. The project focused on Islamic activism since 1970s as a case study for this inquiry. It closely examined the religious meaning for individuals who have been engaged in and committed themselves to Islamic activism over a long term. It also paid attention to the construction of a religious discourse among these activists, facing on the one hand, deep political and social changes, and multiplying religious responses on both collective and individual levels. This fracture context provided an opportunity to closely interrogate the meaning of belief, its possible change and modification from the perspective of those involved over a longer period of time. The project examined the construction of religious identities and religious conceptual maps. The project was conducted at three sites in Africa, chosen for their divergent histories of Islamic activism.